The Daily Populous Saturday May 3rd, 2025 day edition
Authored by bbc.com and submitted by CheezTips

'Unparalleled' snake antivenom made from man bitten 200 times

7 hours ago Share Save James Gallagher • @JamesTGallagher Health and science correspondent Share Save

Getty Images A black mamba is arguably the world's deadliest snake

The blood of a US man who deliberately injected himself with snake venom for nearly two decades has led to an "unparalleled" antivenom, say scientists. Antibodies found in Tim Friede's blood have been shown to protect against fatal doses from a wide range of species in animal tests. Current therapies have to match the specific species of venomous snake anyone has been bitten by. But Mr Friede's 18-year mission could be a significant step in finding a universal antivenom against all snakebites - which kill up to 140,000 people a year and leave three times as many needing amputations or facing permanent disability.

In total, Mr Friede has endured more than 200 bites and more than 700 injections of venom he prepared from some of the world's deadliest snakes, including multiple species of mambas, cobras, taipans and kraits. He initially wanted to build up his immunity to protect himself when handling snakes, documenting his exploits on YouTube. But the former truck mechanic said that he had "completely screwed up" early on when two cobra bites in quick succession left him in a coma.

"I didn't want to die. I didn't want to lose a finger. I didn't want to miss work," he told the BBC. Mr Friede's motivation was to develop better therapies for the rest of the world, explaining: "It just became a lifestyle and I just kept pushing and pushing and pushing as hard as I could push - for the people who are 8,000 miles away from me who die from snakebite".

'I'd love to get my hands on some of your blood'

Antivenom is currently made by injecting small doses of snake venom into animals, such as horses. Their immune system fights the venom by producing antibodies and these are harvested to be used as a therapy. But venom and antivenom have to be closely matched because the toxins in a venomous bite vary from one species to another. There is even wide variety within the same species – antivenom made from snakes in India is less effective against the same species in Sri Lanka. A team of researchers began searching for a type of immune defence called broadly neutralising antibodies. Instead of targeting the part of a toxin that makes it unique, they target the parts that are common to entire classes of toxin. That's when Dr Jacob Glanville, chief executive of biotech company Centivax, came across Tim Friede. "Immediately I was like 'if anybody in the world has developed these broadly neutralising antibodies, it's going to be him' and so I reached out," he said. "The first call, I was like 'this might be awkward, but I'd love to get my hands on some of your blood'." Mr Friede agreed and the work was given ethical approval because the study would only take blood, rather than giving him more venom.

Jacob Glanville Tim Friede, centre, wanted to help develop better therapies for snakebite victims

The research focused on elapids – one of the two families of venomous snakes – such as coral snakes, mambas, cobras, taipans and kraits. Elapids primarily use neurotoxins in their venom, which paralyses their victim and is fatal when it stops the muscles needed to breathe. Researchers picked 19 elapids identified by the World Health Organization as being among the deadliest snakes on the planet. They then began scouring Mr Friede's blood for protective defences. Their work, detailed in the journal Cell, identified two broadly neutralising antibodies that could target two classes of neurotoxin. They added in a drug that targets a third to make their antivenom cocktail. In experiments on mice, the cocktail meant the animals survived fatal doses from 13 of the 19 species of venomous snake. They had partial protection against the remaining six. This is "unparalleled" breadth of protection, according to Dr Glanville, who said it "likely covers a whole bunch of elapids for which there is no current antivenom".

Jacob Glanville Researchers working on developing a universal antivenom

dandycribbish on May 3rd, 2025 at 05:46 UTC »

Finally someone does something legitimately insane just because they can and something important could come from it.

This is like penicillin all over again. Although this time it's a crazy mechanic doing it for kicks. Incredible coincidences are always fantastic.

Asceuss on May 3rd, 2025 at 04:58 UTC »

Ah. A fellow daoist is well on their way of acheiving the Thousands Poisons Body.

BigRedSpoon2 on May 3rd, 2025 at 03:20 UTC »

You know, the fact this was done by a truck mechanic just reaffirms stereotypes in my head about truck mechanics I didn't know I had.

So, read the article, because I was curious how one gets bitten by snakes 200 times, seems a tad improbable they weren't asking for it.

Turns out, this wasn't just the most unlucky person in the world. This is just some guy who, over the course of 18 years, injected himself with small amounts of venom, and went, 'well, I can go a little further than this'. He also of course posted his journey on youtube, because you have to monetize self-experimentation to fund said self-experimentation.

So now his body has very, very interesting antibodies in his blood, and at least one scientist focused on making something close to a universal anti-venom, believes can be utilized for this project. Because a big problem with anti-venom, is that its really case specific. You can have the same snake but you can find it in two different regions, so you'll need a different anti-venom for each region for the same snake.

But some scientists believe there is likely some 'universal mechanism' (if my reading of the article was correct) to all venoms, and if we find that, we have a universal anti-venom. So this man has anti-bodies for about 200 different venoms, purpose built for humans, in his blood, and at least one scientist believes this is possibly the closest we can get for evidence on there being a 'universal' venom anti-body. And if not, at least they'll get a paper out of it that will get cited probably more than once.