Putin orders Russian forces into Ukraine's breakaway regions after recognizing their independence

Kyiv, Ukraine — Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday recognized the independence of two Russian-backed breakaway republics in the east of Ukraine. Following the announcement, Putin instructed the Russian Ministry of Defense to provide "peacekeeping functions" to the breakaway regions, but it was unclear if Russian forces had crossed into Ukraine, CBS News' Mary Ilyushina reports.

The Biden administration warned last week that recognizing the self-declared "People's Republics" of Donetsk and Luhansk, in eastern Ukraine's Donbas region, would violate international law and Ukraine's sovereignty, and would "necessitate a swift and firm response" from America and its allies.

Also Monday, Michael Carpenter, the U.S. ambassador to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), said at a special OSCE meeting on the crisis that the U.S. has received reports of "forced mobilization of men and boys, taken against their will to assembly points and then on to the front lines in the Russian-controlled parts of Donetsk and Luhansk." An OSCE spokesperson told CBS News that "we assume that the men and boys are being conscripted against their will for a possible military engagement."

The Russian leader's decision Monday effectively signals that Moscow is no longer interested in negotiating with the West to find a diplomatic resolution to the Ukraine crisis based on cease-fire deals hammered out eight years ago, which have been consistently pointed to by both sides as the only viable framework for an agreement.

Putin announced during an extraordinary public meeting of his security council in Moscow earlier that he would decide whether to formally recognize the independence of the breakaway republics. During that meeting, members of the council made impassioned speeches in support of the move.

"The goal of our meeting today is to listen to our colleagues and map out our next moves in this matter, meaning both the requests by the leaders of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic to Russia asking to recognize their sovereignty," Putin opened the meeting by saying.

At the end of the event, he told the council: "I have heard your opinions. The decision will be taken today."

Russian President Vladimir Putin chairs a meeting with members of the Security Council in Moscow, Russia, February 21, 2022. Sputnik/Alexey Nikolsky/Kremlin/REUTERS

When the Russian parliament voted to send Putin the same request five days ago, potentially recognizing Luhansk and Donetsk as independent, it was seen as a way for the Russian leader to increase pressure on Kyiv without taking direct military action, but the West made it clear at that stage that it would be considered another serious provocation.

Doing so "would further undermine Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity," U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said last week, and "constitute a gross violation of international law."

In the wake of the announcement, Blinken on Monday announced that all State Department personnel stationed in Lviv have been asked to temporarily move. They will "spend the night in Poland," where they will continue to work, Blinken said, but will "regularly return to continue their diplomatic work in Ukraine and provide emergency consular services."

Following Putin's announcement, White House press secretary Jen Psaki issued a statement calling the move a "blatant violation of Russia's international commitments," and she said President Biden would have the authority to impose sanctions on "any person determined to operate" in the breakaway regions. A White House spokesperson said later Monday that "we plan to announce new sanctions on Russia tomorrow in response to Moscow's decisions and actions today," adding, "we are coordinating with Allies and partners on that announcement."

"To be clear: these measures are separate from and would be in addition to the swift and severe economic measures we have been preparing in coordination with Allies and partners should Russia further invade Ukraine," Psaki said.

NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said the move "further undermines Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity" and "erodes efforts towards a resolution of the conflict."

"Allies urge Russia, in the strongest possible terms, to choose the path of diplomacy," Stoltenberg said in a statement.

A map shows the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine. Getty/iStockphoto

Blinken said last week that if Putin were to formally recognize Luhansk and Donetsk, that act in itself would "necessitate a swift and firm response from the United States in full coordination with our Allies and partners."

Putin's announcement, which he delivered in pre-recorded remarks televised on Monday evening in Russia, and signing of decrees did not make Russia's formal recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk "republics" final. Russian lawmakers will now need to draft a new piece of legislation declaring the country's recognition of the two regions, which will then go back to Putin for a signature.

But with Putin's statement of his intent on Monday, there was little room for doubt of the outcome. The question is what he might actually do next on the ground, where he has as many as 190,000 of his troops poised to invade Ukraine — including along the border of the very regions he said Russia will soon no longer recognize as Ukrainian territory.

Ukraine called an urgent meeting of the U.N. Security Council on Monday in response to Russia's actions. Speaking at the meeting, Biden's U.N. Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield said that Putin was asserting that "Russia today has a rightful claim to all territories — all territories from the Russian empire — the same Russian empire from before the Soviet Union, from over 100 years ago," CBS News' Pamela Falk reports from the U.N.

"In essence, Putin wants the world to travel back in time," Thomas-Greenfield said. "To a time before the United Nations. To a time when empires ruled the world. But the rest of the world has moved forward. It is not 1919. It is 2022!"

Russian U.N. Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia maintained that his country's actions were defensive in nature.

"I would like to call upon our Western colleagues to think twice, to set emotions to one side and not to make the situation worse," Nebenzia said, alleging military action by Ukraine in recent days, Falk reports.

"No one other than you can hold back the militaristic plans of Kiev and force it to stop the shelling and provocations against Luhansk and Donetsk Peoples' Republics," Russia's top U.N. envoy said, adding, "the main aim of our decision was to protect and preserve those people. And that is more important than all of your threats."

Russia appears to be following steps in a playbook for an invasion of Ukraine that the U.S. government not only predicted, but warned the entire world to watch for less than a week ago.

On Thursday last week, Blinken laid out the steps the U.S. believed Russia would take if Putin decided to launch a full-scale attack on Ukraine. He told the United Nations Security Council on February 17 that Russia would first stage false-flag incidents "to manufacture a pretext for its attack."

That first stage has been well underway since late last week, according to the U.S. and its allies, with a dramatic increase in claims by Russia and the rebels in Ukraine's eastern Donbas region of atrocities by Ukrainian forces — all of which have been firmly denied by Ukraine.

Many of the videos and photos posted online by the pro-Russian separatists as purported evidence of Ukraine's violent acts have been discredited as poor fakes — including a video released Monday allegedly showing a man writhing in agony after his leg was severed by a Ukrainian shell. There's no blood visible in the video, and while the screaming man is missing half a leg, the video appears to show an attachment already fitted to his upper leg to which a prosthetic limb can be attached.

Having established a false pretext, Blinken said last week, "the highest levels of the Russian Government may theatrically convene emergency meetings to address the so-called crisis."

That fit the description of the meeting Putin convened on Monday of his National Security Council "to discuss the situation in the Donbas." Television cameras usually show only the beginning of these meetings in Russia, but Monday's was aired in its entirety as Putin took a hard line and made it clear that American and NATO proposals to ease the tension had failed to satisfy Russia's demands.

Blinken also made it clear at the U.N. that a dramatic meeting of top Russian officials making bold proclamations, such as those that emerged from the National Security Council meeting on Monday, was not expected to be the final step.

"Next, the attack is planned to begin," Blinken said at the U.N. "Russian missiles and bombs will drop across Ukraine. Communications will be jammed. Cyberattacks will shut down key Ukrainian institutions. After that, Russian tanks and soldiers will advance on key targets that have already been identified and mapped out in detailed plans. We believe these targets include Russia's capital — Ukraine's capital, Kyiv, a city of 2.8 million people."

As CBS News senior national security correspondent David Martin reported on Sunday, U.S. intelligence agencies believe President Putin has already given the order to his commanders surrounding Ukraine to proceed with an invasion, and that those commanders are now making specific plans for how to maneuver on the battlefield.

CBS News' Margaret Brennan, Pamela Falk, Fin Gomez and Alex Sundby contributed to this report.