Some states begin to reopen as US closes in on 1 million coronavirus cases

(CNN) A few states this weekend are running a tricky experiment: Trying to reopen certain businesses and services amid the coronavirus pandemic , even against the advice of some health experts who say it risks dangerously spiking the number of cases.

In Georgia, Tammy Noboa has seized on her state's blessing to open her hair salon after weeks of closure -- and she says deciding to do so wasn't hard.

"I have to work. I've got bills to pay," said Noboa, who accepted seven appointments Saturday at her newly reopened Dominican Hair Salon in Douglasville.

Georgia is one of the states that allowed some businesses to reopen Friday, weeks after shutting them down to help prevent the spread of coronavirus.

More than 53,500 Covid-19 deaths have been reported in the US so far, with more than 200,000 deaths reported worldwide, according to Johns Hopkins University . The US has reported more than 933,933 cases of the disease.

Georgia businesses allowed to reopen include places where clients and workers get close: barber shops and hair salons, tattoo parlors, gyms and bowling alleys -- with some guidelines for social distancing and sanitation.

In Oklahoma, salons, barbershops, spas and pet groomers took appointments Friday, and some state parks and outdoor recreation areas also reopened.

The states' moves run counter to the advice of experts who've run a University of Washington model suggesting no state should reopen their economies before May 1 and many should wait longer.

Georgia should not begin to reopen until at least June 22, according to those behind the model at the university's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

In the Atlanta-area city of Brookhaven, Mayor John Ernst would rather nonessential businesses stay closed until his state proves it meets federal guidelines , calling for milestones like a 14-day downward trend in coronavirus cases.

"Even the (business owners) who open up say, 'I don't know if I'm doing the right thing," Ernst said Saturday. "(Reopening) needs to be an orderly process."

Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Barber Tommy Thomas gives longtime customer Fred Bentley a haircut in Atlanta on April 24. Despite criticism, Gov. Brian Kemp of Georgia allowed barbershops and other nonessential businesses to reopen. Hide Caption 1 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A cashier at the Shoe Dept. store rings up a customer at Columbia Place Mall in Columbia, South Carolina, on April 24. Hide Caption 2 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Employees wearing gloves and masks clean walls and railings at the Galleria Dallas mall in Texas on April 24. Hide Caption 3 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A man covers his face with a mask while getting a haircut at The Barber Shop in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, on April 24. Hide Caption 4 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A customer looks at his freshly inked tattoo in Atlanta on April 24. Georgia is allowing businesses such as gyms, barber shops, salons, tattoo parlors and bowling alleys to reopen, with some guidelines for social distancing. Hide Caption 5 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A person wearing a protective mask walks through the take-out only food court in the reopened Anderson Mall in Anderson, South Carolina, on April 24. Hide Caption 6 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Technicians give pedicures to customers at a nail salon in Atlanta on April 24. Hide Caption 7 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Sterling Henderson cleans gym equipment at Bodyplex Fitness Adventure in Grayson, Georgia, on April 24. Hide Caption 8 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A beach is crowded with visitors in Jacksonville, Florida, after the city reopened its beaches on April 17. Hide Caption 9 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Workers assemble cars at a Dongfeng Honda factory in Wuhan, China, on April 8, the day the city's unprecedented 76-day lockdown was lifted. Hide Caption 10 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A child and his father shop at a toy store in Berlin that reopened on April 22, the first time the store was open since March. Hide Caption 11 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown People wearing protective face masks walk on April 14 on a small stretch of the Great Wall of China that has been reopened. Chinese officials said in a statement that they will only permit 30% of the usual number of visitors into the area for the time being. Hide Caption 12 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Dentist Torben Schoenwaldt, left, and clinical assistant student Rebecka Erichsen care for a patient at Harald Dentists Soenderaaparken in Vejle, Denmark. The office reopened on April 20 and is accepting patients again. Hide Caption 13 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Visitors maintain their distance outside the elephant enclosure at Bergzoo Halle in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on April 23. Under strict conditions, zoos in Saxony-Anhalt have been allowed to reopen after being closed for several weeks. Hide Caption 14 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A woman shops at a bookstore in Rome on April 20. In parts of Italy, shops like bookstores, laundries and children's clothing stores have reopened. Hide Caption 15 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown A groomer trims a dog's fur on April 20 after pet grooming salons reopened in Prague, Czech Republic. Hide Caption 16 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Elementary school children sit at desks spaced about 2 meters (6 feet) apart in Logumkloster, Denmark, on April 16. Denmark was among the first in Europe to close borders, shops, schools and restaurants, and to ban large gatherings, among other measures. Now, it is one of the first to begin reopening. Hide Caption 17 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown Barber Yang Guangyu cuts a client's hair in Wuhan on April 11 while wearing protective gear assembled from a water bottle, mask and plastic pipe. The first city in the world to go into lockdown — and the epicenter of the global coronavirus outbreak — is slowly returning to normal. Hide Caption 18 of 19 Photos: In pictures: Life after lockdown People crowd Kwame Nkrumah Circle in Accra, Ghana, on April 20 after the end of a three-week partial lockdown. Hide Caption 19 of 19

Besides Georgia and Oklahoma, these states also are easing restrictions:

• Alaska allowed salons and restaurants to open in many areas Friday, though restaurants must keep distance between tables and can't exceed 25% of their normal capacity.

Texas on Friday allowed retail stores to make curbside sales.

• Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer allowed some businesses -- landscapers, lawn-service companies, plant nurseries and bike repair shops -- to reopen Friday, subject to social-distancing rules.

• In Iowa, elective surgeries and farmers markets will begin reopening on Monday.

• In Tennessee, restaurants can reopen Monday at 50% capacity. Retail stores may reopen Wednesday under that same guideline, Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee said.

Colorado, Minnesota and Montana also will ease restrictions in varying degrees in the coming week.

And other governors are setting dates for when their reopening plans will kick into action.

Yet other leaders have stopped short of setting a timeline.

In San Francisco, which issued the country's first sweeping stay-at-home order in mid-March, Mayor London Breed said the order is "very likely" to be extended for a few more weeks past May 3.

"How we reopen is going to be important to ensuring that we do it responsibly so that we don't go backwards," said Breed, who stressed the importance of having enough PPE, testing and requirements for social distancing.

Even some states without reopening plans have decisions to make: More than 10 have stay-at-home orders expiring by the end of next week , though they can be extended.

Business owners struggle with reopening decisions

Some business owners in Georgia told CNN they felt wary of reopening, but they did so to pay their bills.

"I'm at the point where I have to do something ... I'm about to lose my business if I don't," said Tim Timmons, owner of Salon Gloss in Woodstock, on Friday.

Hairstylists and barbers in Georgia wore masks and gloves when people arrived for trims and hair colors Friday.

Timmons said he put measures in place to guard against the spread of the virus.

The business wasn't running on full staff, and employees stood 14 feet apart. Customers had their temperatures taken when they arrived and were asked whether they've come into contact with anyone who's had the virus.

But other owners said now wasn't the time to reopen.

"I said, 'No, absolutely not. Get your hair done for what?'" Sabrina Watkins said of her hair salon in College Park, an Atlanta suburb. "There's a pandemic, people are dying. As much as I love the business, now is not the time, regardless of who says it is."

"No way we're opening back up," said Zeb Stevenson, chef at Atlanta restaurant Redbird. "I don't think it's safe. If we reopened and then had to close back down again it would be a grave situation for the business. Better to wait it out and use science and common sense as a guide."

Lequawn James, an Atlanta nurse practitioner and bodybuilder, said Saturday he would not yet visit any reopened gyms.

JUST WATCHED Hear from Georgia business owners as state starts reopening Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Hear from Georgia business owners as state starts reopening 02:56

He survived coronavirus after spending 10 days in intensive care . And he's exercising, but alone, with equipment that he's put into a rented storage unit.

He said he understands workers' struggles. But he thinks it's too soon to work at or exercise at places like gyms.

"I know money is what people need to survive, but you may not be around to spend it if you contract this virus," he said.

At a bowling alley in Douglasville, a suburb east of Atlanta, Leon Perpignan was in line 10 minutes before it opened Friday at noon. Typically, he bowls four times a week, he said. About a dozen bowlers were there shortly after opening.

"I know a lot of people disagree and say they should have waited," he said, "but I was 100% ready (for this)."

"Besides," he added, "all my 'honey-do' lists are done."

In Southern California, the social distancing challenge involved leisure, not business.

Crowds descended on Newport Beach as a heat wave hit the region, but most beachgoers appeared to be keeping their distance from each other, police and lifeguards said.

Surfer John Ton observed the crowd and said, "I think people should stay home unless they're surfing or exercising or something, and I think it's weird people from out of the state or county are coming."

Beaches in Los Angeles and San Diego counties were closed this weekend, but other beaches were open.

No evidence yet on immunity from a 2nd infection, WHO warns

The World Health Organization is warning that it's too early to say whether people who have had Covid-19 are necessarily immune from a second infection.

It is urging governments to not yet issue any kind of "immunity certificate" to people who had the disease.

"There is no evidence yet that people who have had Covid-19 will not get a second infection," the WHO said in a scientific brief Friday.

The WHO published the brief as guidance on how to adjust public health and social measures for the next phases of the Covid-19 response.

The health agency said it is reviewing evidence on antibody responses to the novel coronavirus. The brief says "most" studies show that people who have "recovered from infection have antibodies to the virus."

But as of Friday, no study has "evaluated whether the presence of antibodies to (the virus) confers immunity to subsequent infection by this virus in humans," the WHO brief says.

The US Food and Drug Administration has now authorized three new coronavirus antibody tests, bringing the total number of FDA-authorized tests to seven.

The tests were approved under emergency-use authorizations, a lower regulatory standard used when the FDA believes a test's benefits could outweigh any risks.

On Saturday, the CEO of a group helping lead the vaccine effort said it might be necessary to start manufacturing coronavirus vaccines even before they have been fully tested to see if they can protect people from infection.

Manufacturing could begin even while some of the Covid-19 vaccines are in the first phase of human clinical testing, which is designed to demonstrate only safety, said Dr. Richard Hatchett of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.

This plan could cut time without cutting corners or sacrificing efficacy or safety, he said on a National Academy of Sciences Covid-19 Update webcast.