Could marijuana be an effective pain alternative to prescription medications?

Authored by eurekalert.org and submitted by mvea

A new study has shown how cannabis could be an effective treatment option for both pain relief and insomnia, for those looking to avoid prescription and over the counter pain and sleep medications - including opioids.

The study, published in the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, which looked at 1,000 people taking legalized marijuana in an American state found that among the 65% of people taking cannabis for pain, 80% found it was very or extremely helpful.

This led to 82% of these people being able to reduce, or stop taking over the counter pain medications, and 88% being able to stop taking opioid painkillers.

74% of the 1,000 interviewees bought it to help them sleep - 84% of whom said the marijuana had helped them, and over 83% said that they had since reduced or stopped taking over-the-counter or prescription sleep aids.

The study suggests that cannabis could lower opioid use. However, the researchers caution that more needs to be done to understand the potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis.

"Approximately 20% of American adults suffer from chronic pain, and one in three adults do not get enough sleep," says Dr Gwen Wurm, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

Traditional over the counter medications and painkillers can help, however they may have serious side effects. Opioids depress the respiratory system, meaning that overdoses may be fatal.

"People develop tolerance to opioids, which means that they require higher doses to achieve the same effect," says Dr. Julia Arnsten, Professor of Medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. "This means that chronic pain patients often increase their dose of opioid medications over time, which in turn increases their risk of overdose."

Although less common, sleeping pills can lead to dependence, and can also cause grogginess the next day, interfering with people's work and social lives.

As a consequence, some people are looking to marijuana to help with their symptoms.

To find out more about these users, Wurm and her colleagues used survey data from people who purchased cannabis from two retail stores in Colorado, US, where it is legal for both medical and recreational use - meaning any adult over 21 with a valid government ID may purchase product.

"In states where adult use of cannabis is legal, our research suggests that many individuals bypass the medical cannabis route (which requires registering with the state) and are instead opting for the privacy of a legal adult use dispensary," says Wurm.

Although the survey was conducted among customers willing to participate - meaning the results may not reflect the overall population of dispensary customers - other national survey data, and data from medical patients at medical cannabis dispensaries, also demonstrate that people who use cannabis to treat symptoms both decrease and stop their use of prescription medications.

The study adds weight to the theory that widening access to medical cannabis could lower the use of prescription painkillers, allowing more people to manage and treat their pain without relying on opioid prescription drugs that have dangerous side effects.

This is backed up with other research that shows that states with medical cannabis laws have a 6.38% lower rate of opioid prescribing, and that Colorado's adult-use cannabis law is associated with a relative reduction in opioid overdose death rate from 1999 to 2010.

Wurm adds: "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen cause GI bleeding or kidney damage with chronic use. Paracetemol (Acetaminophen) toxicity is the second most common cause of liver transplantation worldwide, and is responsible for 56,000 ER visits, 2600 hospitalizations, and 500 deaths per year in the U.S."

However, the researchers caution that more research is needed to understand the health benefits and side effects of cannabis.

"The challenge is that health providers are far behind in knowing which cannabis products work and which do not. Until there is more research into which cannabis products work for which symptoms, patients will do their own "trial and error," experiments, getting advice from friends, social media and dispensary employees," says Wurm.

thenewsreviewonline on July 2nd, 2019 at 13:22 UTC »

The post title is somewhat incorrect, the study does not state that 88% of respondents taking cannabis to relieve pain were able to 'stop' taking opioids. The study states that among respondents taking opioids, 88% of respondents taking cannabis to relieve pain reported 'reducing or stopping' the use of opioids; this is an important distinction.

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Summary: The survey was conducted as part of a customer feedback program at two cannabis stores located in Colorado. Eligible participants were all adult customers, without a medical certification (n-1,000).

Of all respondents, 65% reported using cannabis to relieve pain. Among respondents taking over-the-counter pain medications, 82% reported reducing or stopping use of those medications. Among respondents taking opioid analgesics, 88% reported reducing or stopping use of those medications.

Of all respondents, 74% reported using cannabis to promote sleep. Among respondents taking over-the-counter sleep aids, 87% reported reducing or stopping use of those medications. Among respondents taking prescription sleep aids, 83% reported reducing or stopping use of those medications.

Clinical studies, such randomised controlled trials examining the effect of cannabis use on prescription and over-the-counter medication use among individuals with chronic pain, are needed to determine the net benefits and harms of such substitution.

Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02791072.2019.1626953

TheRussianFleet1863 on July 2nd, 2019 at 13:10 UTC »

" To find out more about these users, Wurm and her colleagues used survey data from people who purchased cannabis from two retail stores in Colorado, US, where it is legal for both medical and recreational use - meaning any adult over 21 with a valid government ID may purchase product. "

What she doesn't mention is that the two dispensaries she recruited participants from are partially owned by her. I met with these folks a while back to try to help them get a reasonable study design in place to assess whether their products were actually preferred for specific therapeutic targets. Here's how they came up with the "pain" vs "sleep" vs "anxiety" designation for their products; they gave specific strains to their budtenders and asked them to rate the product on how it affected their perception of pain, anxiety and sleep. We told them that that was such a biased approach that they couldn't trust the results. They gave me the cannabinoid concentrations of their products and I did a cluster analysis of them and then tried to use those clusters to predict their outcomes. No luck of course because their phenotyping was absolutely terrible.

For this specific work I'd put the term "science" in quotes.

jhadj on July 2nd, 2019 at 13:06 UTC »

Ok but something that isn't clear is that many claims state cannabis prevents or hinders REM sleep yet now they claim it helps with insomnia. Are they just sleeping or actually getting quality sleep?