Dad found this while cleaning the crawl space underneath the house. What does it belong to?

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image showing Dad found this while cleaning the crawl space underneath the house. What does it belong to?

neandertaller on September 10th, 2018 at 07:56 UTC »

I really don't think these are human. The vertebral bodies don't look at all human. Also, things look unfused and given the size of this with the shoe, it is a creature where the juveniles are fairly big. Not sure what creature, maybe bear?

terminuspostquem on September 10th, 2018 at 08:53 UTC »

Non human. Something large like elk or moose. Edit: am archaeologist

firdahoe on September 10th, 2018 at 10:10 UTC »

Human osteologists here and these are clearly NOT human, they are cervical vertebrae to a juvenile ungulate (pig/deer/sheep/etc.). The cap on the vertebral body (flat piece with a "Y" ridge of bone) is an epiphysis - the cap on the growth plates. Human vertebrae do not have a cap for an epiphysis, ours are a ring around the edge of the centrum surface. This is something that is unique to the apes. Note that this is one of MANY features that make this not human. The link below is for a deer, look at the last cervical vertebrae for comparison.

https://virtual.imnh.iri.isu.edu/Osteo/View/Mule_Deer/743