A 1600s Native American fort uncovered as part of a rail bridge replacement project is shining some light on a tribe's first dealings with Europeans, archeologists said on Tuesday during a tour of the site.
The find on a small sliver of land next to railroad tracks that carry Amtrak and Metro-North commuter trains is considered one of the most important discoveries in the Northeast for Native American history.
Not only did experts recently find the remains of the 17th century fort, they discovered some artifacts including arrow and spear tips that date back an estimated 3,000 years, indicating Native Americans were active at the site for generations. No evidence of human remains has been found.
"It's one of the earliest historic period sites that has been found so far," said archaeologist Ross Harper. "And it's very rich in artifacts including Native American pottery and stone tools, as well as trade goods such as glass beads, wampum [shell beads], hatchets, and knives. It's definitely one of the more important sites, not just for the area but New England in general."
Mr. Harper said he believes the fort had wooden walls because what appeared to be post holes were found where vertical wood pieces were placed.
He said it appears the Norwalk Indians, a tribe that historians know little about, had a fort at the site from about 1615 to 1640 and used it to trade goods with early Dutch settlers. The site is on a small sliver of land next to railroad tracks that carry Amtrak and Metro-North commuter trains. A 19th century history of Norwalk mentions an old Native American fort, and a road near the site is still named Fort Point Street.
The site was found during preliminary archaeological surveys ordered as part of the state's upcoming replacement of the 122-year-old Walk Bridge, which spans the Norwalk River and swings open to allow boats to pass. The bridge has gotten stuck in the open position several times and caused massive rail service delays. Construction is set to begin next year.
Harper works for Archaeological & Historical Services Inc., a Storrs, Conn.-based firm that is painstakingly removing artifacts from the site and taking them back to its offices for cleaning and further study. Some of the artifacts may be headed to museums. The firm will write a lengthy report on the artifacts and its findings.
The firm, which plans to completely remove all artifacts from the site by the fall, has been working in consultation with the Mashantucket Pequots and Mohegans – the two federally recognized tribes in the state. There is no known opposition to the removal of the artifacts.
The two tribes issued a joint statement on the project this week.
"Any time a Native American site or artifacts are found, the utmost sensitivity should be used," the statement said. "While the Walk Bridge construction site in Norwalk may or may not have direct ties to the Mohegan or Mashantucket Pequot tribes ... we take the matter seriously. In fact, Tribal Preservation Officers from both tribes have actively been working with people on the ground there for over a year to offer their expertise."
The site is one of only about a half-dozen in the Northeast known to have contained evidence of Native Americans' first encounters with Europeans, and most of the sites have been destroyed or removed during development of the lands, Harper said.
The rare find is what drew about 20 archaeologists from the region to Tuesday's tour in oppressively hot weather.
"For me, it's like a gold mine," said Kevin McBride, an anthropology professor at the University of Connecticut and research director at the Mashantucket Pequot Museum. "I think the reason the site is so important is that there's a lot of material here. It's definitely one of the most important sites we've found in a long time."
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Professor McBride said items found at the site provide some insight into Native Americans' first interactions with Europeans and show how they incorporated European products such as iron tools and knives into their culture.
This article was reported by The Associated Press.
Anathos117 on September 6th, 2018 at 14:25 UTC »
It's a shame that we know so little the history of pre-colonial New England natives. Plymouth, MA was built on a former Wampanoag villiage called Patuxet. We know that basically everyone in the village died of disease a couple of years before the Pilgrims arrived and that's about it.
IrrelevantBitching on September 6th, 2018 at 14:13 UTC »
For a similar fort built at almost the exact same time (except by Europeans) see Fort Pentagouet. These sorts of fortified trading outposts were somewhat common during the early colonial period, and the social dynamic at play was a lot more complicated than "Europeans move in and subjugate the population" which is the usual narrative you see in pop history. Native Americans had a very complicated system of intertribal relations, trade, and politicking in place, and when Europeans showed up - despite the massive population decline from plague - the system survived, adjusted, and incorporated them. Typically, European craftsmen living in these forts supplied metalwork (usually weapons, but sometimes other metal items such as kettles and cooking pots, especially farther north) in exchange for furs.
Pentagouet was also an important, cooperative trading post between European settlers and Native Americans, and its function as a fortress was mostly intended to be used against other European powers. Its eventual destruction by the Dutch and English in 1674, followed by English refusal to be as cooperative with the Native population as the French were, resulted in a punitive campaign by the Wampanoag that annihilated all but the very southernmost English settlements in what is now Maine, and the state was not repopulated by Europeans for half a century.
davidreiss666 on September 6th, 2018 at 12:55 UTC »
I slightly edited the title The Christian Science Monitor gave this article to somewhat shorten it.
The archeological find happened Connecticut and the University of Connecticut in involved in the work at the site.
Apparently it's thought to be an early fort build by the Norwalk Indians probably as a bit of trading post or something where the Norwalk and Dutch settlers would get together occasionally.
Interesting find for the North East. The article says that there have only been about a half dozen similar finds.