They photographed every part and documented every construction element, then perfectly reassembled the whole thing without leaving a trace.
On January 2, 1959, the Soviet Union kicked off its Luna program, sometimes called Lunik by the Western media, with the launch of Luna 1.
This first spacecraft missed the Moon, but the next hit the target and became the first spacecraft to impact the lunar surface in September of that year.
A month later on October 7, Luna 3 returned history's first ever pictures of the Moon’s farside.
It was a stunning year for the Soviets on the Moon, one in which the United States only racked up a handful of failed lunar missions.
The disparity between American technology and the perceived Soviet power led to an intelligence program run by the CIA.
Even educated guesses about Soviets plans would help the United States know where to concentrate its efforts to hopefully overtake the Soviet Union in space. »